Data analysis

The temporal increase of the complexity index indicated that the virtual water outflows (VWFs) from the YRB were becoming increasingly critical to China; i.e. the ability of YRB to produce crops boosted the difficulty of its water being replaced by water exporting from other basins.

SDG interactions showed nonlinear changes as the SDG Index increased:SDGs were both more positively and more negatively connected at low and high sustainable development levels, but they were clustered into more isolated positive connection groups at middle levels.

The adaptive capacity of psammophytes to sand burial is crucial for the ecological restoration of coastal dune systems. The responses of Spinifex littoreus to different sand burial depths and levels were examined on the coast of Pingtan Island, Fujian Province, South China.

Collective memory plays a controlling role in adaptation to potential flood risks, by learning from past disasters. Based on survey data, we suggest that using the Universal Decay Model (UDM) proposed by previous researchers provides better fitting results for the decay of flooding memory.

Collective memory plays a controlling role in adaptation to potential flood risks, by learning from past disasters. Based on survey data, we suggest that using the Universal Decay Model (UDM) proposed by previous researchers provides better fitting results for the decay of flooding memory.

The Yellow River, once the world’s most sediment-rich river, has experienced dramatic regime shifts. We reanalyzed previous datasets to clarify the first historical sediment transport regime shift in the Yellow River. Our results suggest a regime shift occurred only under increased forcing from anthropogenic stresses (after 1900 AD).

The Yellow River, once the world’s most sediment-rich river, has experienced dramatic regime shifts. We reanalyzed previous datasets to clarify the first historical sediment transport regime shift in the Yellow River. Our results suggest a regime shift occurred only under increased forcing from anthropogenic stresses (after 1900 AD).